Which type of research method uses statistical analysis to test hypotheses?

Quantitative research is characterized by its reliance on statistical analysis to test hypotheses. This method involves collecting numerical data that can be quantified and analyzed using statistical techniques. The primary goal of quantitative research is to establish patterns, relationships, or causality by measuring variables and exploring how they interact with one another.

In quantitative studies, researchers often use structured tools such as surveys or experiments to gather measurable data, allowing for rigorous analysis and reliable conclusions. This approach not only enables hypothesis testing but also supports the replication of studies, contributing to the reliability and validity of findings in the field of psychology.

Other research methods have different focuses and methodologies. Qualitative research, for instance, emphasizes understanding human behavior and experiences through non-numerical data, such as interviews and observations. Descriptive research aims to systematically describe a phenomenon without manipulating variables, often providing a snapshot of a situation rather than testing a specific hypothesis. Exploratory research seeks to explore an area of study where little is known, usually forming the basis for future research rather than testing existing hypotheses.