Which of the following statements about confounding variables is true?

Confounding variables are extraneous factors that can distort the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in a study. When conducting research, controlling for confounding variables is crucial for ensuring the accuracy and validity of the results. If these variables are not adequately controlled, they can lead to misleading conclusions, as they might influence both the independent variable and the dependent variable, creating a false impression of association or causation.

By controlling for confounding variables, researchers can isolate the actual effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable, which is essential for drawing meaningful conclusions from the data. This practice helps enhance the internal validity of the study by reducing the risk of alternative explanations for the observed results.