Which of the following describes a falsifiable hypothesis?

A falsifiable hypothesis is fundamentally a testable statement that can be potentially disproven through observation or experiment. This characteristic is essential in scientific research because it allows for hypotheses to be evaluated and examined objectively. If a hypothesis can be proven wrong through evidence, it maintains scientific rigor and enhances our understanding of the subject matter.

The clarity and measurability of such hypotheses make them suitable for scientific inquiry, leading to the refinement of theories and the advancement of knowledge. For instance, if a hypothesis states that "a lack of sleep decreases cognitive performance," it can be tested through experiments that measure cognitive performance in well-rested versus sleep-deprived individuals, thereby validating or invalidating the hypothesis.

In contrast, options that refer to personal opinion, solely observational testing, or difficulty in understanding do not capture the essence of what makes a hypothesis falsifiable. These descriptors do not convey the necessary conditions for scientific inquiry and hypothesize testing.