What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

The dependent variable in an experiment is defined as the outcome that is measured to assess the effects of the independent variable. This means that it is the variable that researchers observe and record to see if there is a change due to the manipulation of the independent variable. For instance, in a study examining the effect of study time (independent variable) on test scores (dependent variable), the test scores would be the dependent variable because they are what the researcher measures to evaluate the impact of different amounts of study time.

By focusing on how the dependent variable reflects the changes initiated by the manipulation of the independent variable, researchers can determine the relationship between the two. Thus, it is crucial for drawing conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships in experimental research.