What does statistical significance indicate in research findings?

Statistical significance indicates the likelihood that research results are not due to chance. In essence, when a study finds statistically significant results, it provides evidence that the observed effects or relationships exist and are unlikely to have occurred randomly. Researchers typically use a predefined threshold (often a p-value of less than 0.05) to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis, which suggests that there is no effect or relationship.

This concept is crucial because it helps researchers gauge the reliability of their findings. For instance, if a result is statistically significant, it signals that there is a strong reason to believe the findings are valid and warrant further investigation or practical application. It is important to note that statistical significance does not guarantee that the results are accurate or that they reflect a strong or meaningful relationship; it simply indicates a lowered likelihood of random occurrence.