What does statistical power refer to in research?

Statistical power is a crucial concept in research that refers specifically to the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis. When researchers conduct hypothesis tests, they aim to determine whether their findings can be attributed to something other than random chance. If the null hypothesis is indeed false, statistical power represents the likelihood that the test will successfully detect this effect, thus leading to the correct decision to reject the null hypothesis.

Enhancing statistical power can be achieved through several means, such as increasing the sample size, improving measurement techniques, or using more precise instruments. A higher power increases the likelihood of finding a true effect when it exists, making the results of the study more reliable and informative. This concept is vital for researchers as it impacts the design and interpretation of studies, particularly in fields like psychology where effects may be subtle and influenced by numerous factors.