In research, what does 'empirical' refer to?

In research, 'empirical' refers to data or information that is derived from observable phenomena and can be measured through objective means. This type of data is grounded in direct observation or experimentation, making it a crucial aspect of the scientific method. Empirical evidence forms the backbone of scientific inquiry, as it relies on verifiable and reproducible results. Researchers collect empirical data through methods such as experiments, surveys, or observational studies, ensuring that their findings can be tested and supported by concrete evidence.

This emphasizes the importance of empirical data in distinguishing it from concepts based solely on beliefs, theories, or personal experiences. By focusing on observable and measurable evidence, empirical research provides a more reliable foundation for drawing conclusions and making informed decisions in various fields, particularly psychology.